The purpose of this article is to examine school-based interventions that have been designed and developed to promote students' happiness, well-being, and academic achievement using a positive psychology approach that focuses on cultivating positive emotions, resilience, and positive character strengths. The current paper outlines the positive psychology movement and reviews evidence from 12 school-based positive psychology interventions that have been systematically evaluated, in response to calls from the 21st century education movement for schools to incorporate students' happiness and well-being as a focus of learning. The findings of this research shows that positive psychology programs are linked to students' health, relationships, happiness, and academic success. The article offers recommendations for additional development of positive psychology interventions in schools, and explores those factors and variables that may influence positive psychology interventions to be extended and more systematically integrated into schools for happiness and well-being of students.
The Electrochemical Society (ECS) was founded in 1902 to advance the theory and practice at the forefront of electrochemical and solid state science and technology, and allied subjects.
ISSN: 1938-6737
ECS Transactions is the official conference proceedings publication of The Electrochemical Society. This publication features full-text content of proceedings from ECS meetings and ECS-sponsored meetings. ECST is a high-quality venue for authors and an excellent resource for researchers. The papers appearing in ECST are reviewed to ensure that submissions meet generally accepted scientific standards.
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Ashraf Alam 2022 ECS Trans. 107 11199
Ashraf Alam 2022 ECS Trans. 107 9827
This research examines how transformative learning has been conceptualized and operationalized in education for sustainable development (ESD) and sustainability learning, and gathers evidence on how to promote transformative learning in formal and non-formal settings. The author performed a systematic literature review to create a bibliometric overview that combines a quantitative description of the body of literature with a qualitative study of the learning processes, results, and circumstances. The current investigation shows that transformative learning theory may help in designing and implementation of educational interventions and evaluations of learning towards sustainability by analyzing the learning process, results, and circumstances in the core sample of studies. This systematic review allows for a better understanding of how transformative learning theory's concepts and mechanisms are operationalized in sustainability learning and ESD research, and it serves as a source of encouragement for researchers and practitioners working to make sustainability education, teaching, and learning more transformative.
Ashraf Alam 2022 ECS Trans. 107 19481
The aim of this paper is to investigate sustainable education and positive psychological interventions in schools towards achievement of sustainable happiness and well-being for 21st century pedagogy and curriculum. The growing awareness that sustainability, happiness, and well-being are intertwined takes the discussion of happiness and sustainability to newer levels. Even though scholars and governments are now grappling with questions about policies for sustainability, happiness, and well-being, the general public may not be aware of these connections and none of these topics are well integrated into formal education. Nevertheless, the necessity for transforming education to play a leading role in sustainable education has never been more imperative, and thus it has been taken up extensively in this paper. The concept of sustainable happiness offers an innovative perspective to reinvigorate sustainability education and shape priorities for 21st century learning: contributing to resilient, sustainable happiness and well-being for all. The education sector, however, is conservative and slow to adapt. The author recommends that happiness should be an aim of education, and a good education should contribute significantly towards personal and collective happiness. Broadening this recommendation to consider sustainable happiness and well-being for all is an overarching aim that could assist to reimagine the role of education in the 21st century and serve as the foundation for setting new priorities.
Elena Shembel et al 2020 ECS Trans. 99 47
Melanin is a biological organic polymer and has semiconductor properties. The structure of organic semiconductors, including melanin, determines the mechanism of their conductivity, electrical, and catalytic properties. Research the properties of melanin, which are synthesized on the basis of innovative technologies developed by Sunoil-Agro, confirms the innovating prospects for using melanin with goal to modify electrodes of Li-ion batteries. Results of investigation and developed the method modification the cathode materials of Li-ion batteries are presented in this article. The goal is to increasing the energy and power characteristics of LiMn2O4-based cathodes as a result of their modification with melanin.
Ashraf Alam 2022 ECS Trans. 107 12389
The article discusses the possible applications of social robots in education, the technological and pedagogical challenges they possess, and the ways in which they may affect learning outcomes, concentrating only on robots intended to assist students in learning via social interaction. Author has highlighted three significant research problems : 1) Does robot tutors help improve students' learning outcomes? 2) Does appearance and behaviour of robots have a significant role to play on academic engagement of learners? 3) What could be the potential roles of a robot in an educational setting? A statistical meta-analysis of previously published research articles is used to substantiate author's claims. The larger aim of this article is to provide effective groundwork for future research by describing the expected outcomes of using social robots to offer education and identifying potential research areas for further inquiry.
Bo Ki Hong and Sae Hoon Kim 2018 ECS Trans. 86 3
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have received great attention as a promising candidate for eco-friendly vehicles and distributed power plants. Since Hyundai's deployment of the world's first mass-produced FCEV, Tucson ix35, in February 2013, Hyundai has been exerting every effort in resolving three major challenges, i.e., cost, performance, and durability. As a result, Hyundai unveiled an advanced FCEV, Nexo, in March 2018 and began to manufacture it for the world's market. The Nexo FCEV has achieved significant technological advancements compared with its predecessor, Tucson ix35: improved system efficiency from 55% to 60%; enhanced driving range from 415 km to 609 km; enhanced cold start-up capability from -20 °C down to -30 °C; improved durability from 4 years/80,000 km to 10 years/160,000 km. The recent advances and progress of Hyundai's FCEV technologies will be addressed here, along with the future direction of research and development for next-generation FCEVs.
Katherine E. Ayers et al 2012 ECS Trans. 41 15
Water electrolysis using proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology is a promising pathway to generate hydrogen for energy applications because of the lack of corrosive electrolytes, small footprint, and ability to generate at differential pressure, requiring only deionized water and an energy source. Using a renewable energy source as the input power enables a carbon-free cycle. In 2008, Proton created a cell stack roadmap to leverage the material advancements made in fuel cells as well as address new design requirements. The overall impact of this research to date has been considerable. Efficiency improvements of 20% have been demonstrated for membrane and catalyst configurations that have been tested to over 1000 hours. Cost reductions of over 15% of the total stack cost have also been proven to be feasible. Additional pathways for the next 3-5 years are expected to continue to make progress in reducing the cost of hydrogen from water electrolysis.
Hsiao-Hsuan Wan et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 3
The characteristics of NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 heterojunction lateral geometry rectifiers with the epitaxial layers grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition were measured over the temperature range from 25-225°C. The forward current increased with temperature, while the on-state resistance decreased from 360 Ω•cm2 at 25°C to 30 Ω.cm2 at 225°C. The forward turn-on voltage was reduced from 4 V at 25°C to 1.9 V at 225°C. The reverse breakdown voltage at room temperature was ~4.2 kV, with a temperature coefficient of -16.5 V/K. This negative temperature coefficient precludes avalanche being the breakdown mechanism and indicates that defects still dominate the reverse conduction characteristics. The corresponding power figures-of-merit were 0.27-0.49 MW.cm-2. The maximum on/off ratios improved with temperature from 2105 at 25°C to 3107 at 225°C when switching from 5 V forward to 0 V. The high temperature performance of the NiO/ β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3 /Ga2O3 lateral rectifiers is promising if the current rate of optimization continues.
Omkar Phadke et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 3
The ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) can be configured in nvCAP mode to enable a small-signal capacitive readout. Operating the FeFET in nvCAP mode for Charge-domain Compute-in-Memory provides benefits such as reduced power consumption and suppressed read disturb. In this review article, working of FeFET in nvCAP mode is described. Further, the TCAD study results are summarized to optimize the FeFET structure for maximizing the device performance in nvCAP mode, where the gate area and the overlap region decides the ON and OFF state capacitance. Next, the reliability aspects of nvCAP are discussed. The FeFET in nvCAP demonstrates an initial endurance of 106 P/E cycles, which can be further extended by 100× by performing a recovery operation. The nvCAP device shows a retention of at least 1 day at 850C for the fresh, fatigued and recovered state of the device, making it a suitable candidate for Compute-in-Memory.
Tarun Mudgal et al 2014 ECS Trans. 61 405
Annealing processes were investigated on Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Molybdenum and aluminum were used as contact metals which defined the working source/drain electrodes. Annealing was performed either pre-metal or post-metal deposition, in various gas ambients including air, oxygen, nitrogen, forming gas (5% H2 in N2) and vacuum. Pre-metal annealing in air ambient resulted in similar I-V characteristics on Mo-contact and Al-contact devices. A post-metal anneal for Mo-contact devices resulted in higher on-state current and steeper subthreshold slope, whereas the Al-contact devices experienced severe degradation suggesting the formation of an AlOx interface layer. A post-metal anneal at 400 °C in N2 followed by an air ambient ramp-down yielded Mo-contact devices with SS ~ 200 mV/dec, channel mobility µsat ~ 8.5 cm2/Vs, and improved stability over other anneal conditions.
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Patricia Isabel Soriano et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 3
Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have been utilized as cost-effective alternatives for noble metal electrocatalysts, exhibiting comparable activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nickel-cobalt selenide (NiCoSe) is a TMC exhibiting significant potential in reducing the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A carbon-based hydrochar support is used as a scaffold for depositing NiCoSe, ensuring the dispersion and stability of the synthesized electrocatalyst. This work develops a NiCoSe/hydrochar electrocatalyst to enhance the stability and activity of the TMC towards OER. Various compositions of nickel-cobalt selenide (NiCoSe2, Ni0.85Co0.85Se, and Ni0.6Co0.4Se2) with a chitin-based hydrochar support are synthesized. The electrocatalytic activity is determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry using a three-electrode set-up. NiCoSe2 has the lowest overpotential at 179.3 mV and a Tafel slope of 163.4 mV-dec-1. This highlights the enhanced performance of NiCoSe2 compared to other compositions.
Keisuke Ishikawa et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 9
Li deposition decreases the thermal stability of Li-ion batteries (LiBs), reducing safety. We have developed High-Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (HF-EIS) to detect Li deposition from the high-frequency real part impedance in the MHz range. The evaluation of the relationship between the onset temperature of thermal runaway and the change in high-frequency impedance demonstrated that HF-EIS is capable of quantitatively evaluating the safety associated with Li deposition. The HF-EIS can be a diagnostic tool for safety quantification and can contribute to the development of battery materials by reducing the cost of destructive testing.
Ronak Ali et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 3
We made moisture sensors using α-Al2O3 films as porous dielectric materials deposited through the anodic spark deposition (ASD). In this study, a variety number of small pores has been studied to investigate the response speed of moisture sensors. Three different surface morphologies have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample DM23 has the maximum number of small pores. Small pores are defined as pore size ranging from 40 nm to several hundred nm. Sample TA40 has the minimum number of small pores. Sample FW06 has the medium number of small pores. We found that the sensor made from dielectric material with the maximum number of small pores has the fastest response speed, and that from the minimum number of small pores has the slowest response speed either from high humidity to low humidity or from low humidity to high humidity.
Anabela Veloso et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 13
We report on several key elements for enabling advanced compute scaling. At transistor level, as we are entering the nanosheet (NS) era, the focus lies on single-level NSFETs consisting of several vertically stacked NS per device, which can evolve into 3D stacked configurations like the so-called complementary FET (CFET) with potentially different materials/crystal orientations for the stacked channels. New device connectivity schemes are also becoming possible thanks to the trend towards using both wafer sides, started with the move of on-chip power distribution to the wafer's backside. As devices are becoming sandwiched and accessed from levels above and below them, that also allows interesting new opportunities for transistor engineering, some examples of which will be discussed here. In parallel, from a system level's perspective, a (r)evolution towards smart disintegration, enabling higher flexibility and hybridized technology platforms, is expected to further allow new scaling paths, also as it can help ease the introduction of new materials and device architectures.
Jaemin Shin et al 2024 ECS Trans. 113 25
In this work, we synthesize new 2D layered dielectrics and fabricate metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors to determine their viability for scaled gate dielectrics (ZrNCl, HfNCl, BiOCl, and Mg(OH)2) in transition metal dichalcogenide-based transistors. While successful synthesis and fabrication was demonstrated, the properties of the dielectrics were decidedly underwhelming for device applications. The dielectric constants, in most cases, were only marginally better than SiO2 (k = 4-6), the leakage currents were too high due to poor band offsets, and most importantly, the bulk trap density, as seen previously in III-V devices, was very high. Overall, there still is no viable 2D gate dielectric for scaled field effect transistors.